Today, we are going to learn how we make animation in Android through XML.

Animation Resources

An animation resource can define one of two types of animations:

Property Animation

Creates an animation by modifying an object’s property values over a set period of time with an Animator.

View Animation
There are two types of animations that you can do with the view animation framework:

Tween animation: Creates an animation by performing a series of transformations on a single image with an Animation.

Frame animation: or creates an animation by showing a sequence of images in order with an AnimationDrawable.

Property Animation

An animation defined in XML that modifies properties of the target object, such as background color or alpha value, over a set amount of time.

FILE LOCATION:

res/animator/filename.xml
The filename will be used as the resource ID.

COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:
Resource pointer to a ValueAnimator, ObjectAnimator, or AnimatorSet.

Let us Understand with Syantax :-

<set
  android:ordering=["together" | "sequentially"]>

    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="string"
        android:duration="int"
        android:valueFrom="float | int | color"
        android:valueTo="float | int | color"
        android:startOffset="int"
        android:repeatCount="int"
        android:repeatMode=["repeat" | "reverse"]
        android:valueType=["intType" | "floatType"]/>

    <animator
        android:duration="int"
        android:valueFrom="float | int | color"
        android:valueTo="float | int | color"
        android:startOffset="int"
        android:repeatCount="int"
        android:repeatMode=["repeat" | "reverse"]
        android:valueType=["intType" | "floatType"]/>
    <set>
        ...
    </set>
</set>

                The file must have a single root element: either <set>, <objectAnimator>,                          or <valueAnimator>. You can group animation elements together inside                              the <set> element, including other <set> elements.

ELEMENTS:

<set>

A container that holds other animation elements (<objectAnimator>, <valueAnimator>, or other <set> elements). Represents an AnimatorSet.You can specify nested <set> tags to further group animations together. Each <set> can define its own ordering attribute.

attributes :

android:ordering

sequentially	Play animations in this set sequentially
together (default)	Play animations in this set at the same time.

 

<objectAnimator>

Animates a specific property of an object over a specific amount of time. Represents an ObjectAnimator.

attributes:

android:propertyName

String. Required. The object’s property to animate, referenced by its name. For example you can specify "alpha" or "backgroundColor" for a View object. The objectAnimator element does not expose a target attribute, however, so you cannot set the object to animate in the XML declaration. You have to inflate your animation XML resource by calling loadAnimator( ) and call setTarget( ) to set the target object that contains this property.

android:valueTo

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animated property ends. Colors are represented as six digit hexadecimal numbers (for example, #333333).

android:valueFrom

float, int, or color. The value where the animated property starts. If not specified, the animation starts at the value obtained by the property’s get method. Colors are represented as six digit hexadecimal numbers (for example, #333333).

android:duration

int. The time in milliseconds of the animation. 300 milliseconds is the default.

android:startOffset

int. The amount of milliseconds the animation delays after start() is called.

android:repeatCount

int. How many times to repeat an animation. Set to "-1" to infinitely repeat or to a positive integer. For example, a value of "1"means that the animation is repeated once after the initial run of the animation, so the animation plays a total of two times. The default value is "0", which means no repetition.

android:repeatMode

int. How an animation behaves when it reaches the end of the animation. android:repeatCount must be set to a positive integer or "-1" for this attribute to have an effect. Set to "reverse" to have the animation reverse direction with each iteration or "repeat" to have the animation loop from the beginning each time.

android:valueType

Keyword. Do not specify this attribute if the value is a color. The animation framework automatically handles color values

Value	Description
intType	Specifies that the animated values are integers
floatType (default)	Specifies that the animated values are floats

 

<animator>Performs an animation over a specified amount of time. Represents a ValueAnimator.

attributes:

android:valueTo

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animation ends. Colors are represented as six digit hexadecimal numbers (for example, #333333).

android:valueFrom

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animation starts. Colors are represented as six digit hexadecimal numbers (for example, #333333).

android:duration

int. The time in milliseconds of the animation. 300ms is the default.

android:startOffset

int. The amount of milliseconds the animation delays after start() is called.

android:repeatCount

int. How many times to repeat an animation. Set to "-1" to infinitely repeat or to a positive integer. For example, a value of "1"means that the animation is repeated once after the initial run of the animation, so the animation plays a total of two times. The default value is "0", which means no repetition.

android:repeatMode

int. How an animation behaves when it reaches the end of the animation. android:repeatCount must be set to a positive integer or "-1" for this attribute to have an effect. Set to "reverse" to have the animation reverse direction with each iteration or "repeat" to have the animation loop from the beginning each time.

Here is an Example of Property Animation:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="alpha"
        android:valueFrom="1.0"
        android:valueTo="0.0"
        android:duration="0" />


    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="rotationY"
        android:valueFrom="-180"
        android:valueTo="0"
        android:interpolator="@android:interpolator/overshoot"
        android:duration="10000"/>


    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="alpha"
        android:valueFrom="0.0"
        android:valueTo="1.0"
        android:startOffset="5000"
        android:duration="1"/>

</set>

In java part don’t forget to add  this :

AnimatorSet set = (AnimatorSet) AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(myContext,
    R.anim.property_animator);
set.setTarget(myObject);
set.start();

Now, let move to Tween Animation

View Animation

The view animation framework supports both tween and frame by frame animations, which can both be declared in XML. The following sections describe how to use both methods.

Tween animation

An animation defined in XML that performs transitions such as rotating, fading, moving, and stretching on a graphic.

FILE LOCATION:

res/anim/filename.xml
The filename will be used as the resource ID.

COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:

Resource pointer to an Animation.

SYNTAX:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:interpolator="@[package:]anim/interpolator_resource"
    android:shareInterpolator=["true" | "false"] >
    <alpha
        android:fromAlpha="float"
        android:toAlpha="float" />
    <scale
        android:fromXScale="float"
        android:toXScale="float"
        android:fromYScale="float"
        android:toYScale="float"
        android:pivotX="float"
        android:pivotY="float" />
    <translate
        android:fromXDelta="float"
        android:toXDelta="float"
        android:fromYDelta="float"
        android:toYDelta="float" />
    <rotate
        android:fromDegrees="float"
        android:toDegrees="float"
        android:pivotX="float"
        android:pivotY="float" />
    <set>
        ...
    </set>
</set>

ELEMENTS:

<set>

A container that holds other animation elements (<alpha>, <scale>, <translate>, <rotate>) or other <set> elements. Represents an AnimatorSet.

attributes:

android:interpolator

Interpolator resource. An to apply on the animation. The value must be a reference to a resource that specifies an interpolator (not an interpolator class name). There are default interpolator resources available from the platform or you can create your own interpolator resource. 

android:shareInterpolator

Boolean. “true” if you want to share the same interpolator among all child elements.

<alpha>

A fade-in or fade-out animation. Represents an AlphaAnimation.

attributes:

android:fromAlpha

Float. Starting opacity offset, where 0.0 is transparent and 1.0 is opaque.

android:toAlpha

Float. Ending opacity offset, where 0.0 is transparent and 1.0 is opaque.

 

<scale>

A resizing animation. You can specify the center point of the image from which it grows outward (or inward) by specifying pivotX and pivotY. For example, if these values are 0, 0 (top-left corner), all growth will be down and to the right. Represents a ScaleAnimation.

attributes:

android:fromXScale

Float. Starting X size offset, where 1.0 is no change.

android:toXScale

Float. Ending X size offset, where 1.0 is no change.

android:fromYScale

Float. Starting Y size offset, where 1.0 is no change.

android:toYScale

Float. Ending Y size offset, where 1.0 is no change.

android:pivotX

Float. The X coordinate to remain fixed when the object is scaled.

android:pivotY

Float. The Y coordinate to remain fixed when the object is scaled.

 

<translate>

A vertical and/or horizontal motion. Supports the following attributes in any of the following three formats: values from -100 to 100 ending with “%”, indicating a percentage relative to itself; values from -100 to 100 ending in “%p”, indicating a percentage relative to its parent; a float value with no suffix, indicating an absolute value. Represents a TranslationAnimation.

attributes:

android:fromXDelta

Float or percentage. Starting X offset. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the normal position (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the element width (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent width (such as "5%p").

android:toXDelta

Float or percentage. Ending X offset. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the normal position (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the element width (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent width (such as "5%p").

android:fromYDelta

Float or percentage. Starting Y offset. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the normal position (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the element height (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent height (such as "5%p").

android:toYDelta

Float or percentage. Ending Y offset. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the normal position (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the element height (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent height (such as "5%p").

 

<rotate>

A rotation animation. Represents a RotateAnimation.

attributes:

android:fromDegrees

Float. Starting angular position, in degrees.

android:toDegrees

Float. Ending angular position, in degrees.

android:pivotX

Float or percentage. The X coordinate of the center of rotation. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the object’s left edge (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the object’s left edge (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent container’s left edge (such as "5%p").

android:pivotY

Float or percentage. The Y coordinate of the center of rotation. Expressed either: in pixels relative to the object’s top edge (such as "5"), in percentage relative to the object’s top edge (such as "5%"), or in percentage relative to the parent container’s top edge (such as "5%p").

Let’s take an Example of Tween Animation :-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shareInterpolator="false">



        <rotate android:fromDegrees="0"
            android:toDegrees="360"
            android:pivotX="50%"
            android:pivotY="50%"
            android:duration="7000"
            android:startOffset="0"
            android:interpolator="@android:anim/linear_interpolator"
            android:repeatCount="infinite"/>


    <translate
        android:fromXDelta="-100%"
        android:toXDelta="0%"
        android:fromYDelta="0%"
        android:toYDelta="0%"
        android:interpolator="@android:anim/linear_interpolator"
        android:duration="1000"/>


</set>

Don’t forget to add below code in java part

ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
Animation hyperspaceJump = AnimationUtils.loadAniamtion(this, R.anim.Rotate);
image.startAniamtion(hyperspaceJump);

At Last we are going learn about Frame Animation

Frame animation

An animation defined in XML that shows a sequence of images in order (like a film).

FILE LOCATION:

res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename will be used as the resource ID.

COMPILED RESOURCE DATATYPE:

Resource pointer to an AnimationDrawable.

SYNTAX:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:oneshot=["true" | "false"] >
    <item
        android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource_name"
        android:duration="integer" />
</animation-list>

ELEMENTS:

<animation-list>

Required. This must be the root element. Contains one or more <item> elements.

attributes:

android:oneshot

Boolean. “true” if you want to perform the animation once; “false” to loop the animation.

<item>

A single frame of animation. Must be a child of a <animation-list> element.

attributes:

android:drawable

Drawable resource. The drawable to use for this frame.

android:duration

Integer. The duration to show this frame, in milliseconds.

XML file saved at res/anim/rocket.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:oneshot="false">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust1" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust2" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust3" android:duration="200" />
</animation-list>

This application code will set the animation as the background for a View, then play the animation:

ImageView rocketImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.rocket_image);
rocketImage.setBackgroundResoucrce(R.drawable.rocket_thrust);

rocketAnimation = (AnimationDrawable) rocketImage.getBackground();
rocketAnimation.start();

Hope through these images all your qureies about animation will be slove.

Tranlation Animation : 

Scale Animation :-

Alpha Animation :

Rotation Animation: